University of Central Lancashire (UCLan)
Richard Hull, University of Central Lancashire (UCLan), introduced the chemical and physical aspects of smoke toxicity. He discussed the importance of material composition in defining released combustion gases in case of fire and their potential toxicity.
The fire conditions are also important: if the fire is under-ventilated, which is almost inevitably the case for uncontrolled fires, then the yields of toxic products, such as CO and HCN are typically a factor of 10 to 50 greater than with a small, well ventilated fire.