University of Central Lancashire
Anna Stec, University of Central Lancashire (UCLan), outlined the methods and challenges of quantifying the toxicity of fire effluents: both the acute toxicants and irritants responsible for preventing escape from a fire and the cocktail of other carcinogens and toxicants present in fire effluents, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), isocyanates, dioxins etc.
In general, specialised methods were needed to quantify individual species at the toxicologically significant levels that were present in fire effluents.