PIN FRs, 3D DOPO (P-based) and ferrocene (Fe-based), reacted onto cotton provided durable fire resistance and waterproofing. Cotton fabric was first grafted with PEI (polyethyleneimine) then reacted in alcohol solution at 60°C with first ferrocene then DOPO (9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide), achieving a 21% w/w loading of ferrocene/DOPO. Peak and total heat release rates were reduced by 50% and 19% and LOI increased from 18 to 28.5. After 12 laundry cycles (GB/T17595) the LOI remained higher than pristine cotton at 24, showing durability of the reacted ferrocene – DOPO treatment. The treatment also significantly improved waterproofing of the cotton.
“Durable flame retardant and water repellent cotton fabric based on synergistic effect of ferrocene and DOPO”, Y. Luo et al., Cellulose 2021 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03636-2