APP with bio-based cobalt phytate reduce heat release, smoke production, density and toxicity from polyurethane foam. The recognised workhorse PIN flame retardant, ammonium polyphosphate (APP), was dosed at 33% loading in polyurethane rigid foam during foaming...
Combustible ACM cladding is again accused of causing fire spread over the 18-floor building, leaving 70 families homeless. The modernistic residential tower block was completed in 2011. A fire started on a Sunday afternoon in a flat on the 15th floor, possibly due to...
Marcello Hirschler summarises updates of façade requirements in the 2021 US IBC (International Building Code). He underlines that the NFPA 285 test in place since the 1980’s has shown to ensure fire safety, in that the US has had zero fatalities in cladding fires...
Agarwal et al. present large-scale fire test results on twelve different ACM (aluminium composite materials) and HPL (high-pressure laminate) cladding assemblies. They conclude that non-FR thermoplastic core ACM systems show accelerated flame spread within minutes,...
Yuen et al. summarise building cladding panel fire incidents, regulations and perspectives. Numbers of significant fires worldwide related to cladding are accelerating rapidly from only around ten per year in the early 2000’s to around one hundred in 2014, continuing...
