Seven construction polymers were tested for fire performance and smoke, showing considerably different toxic emissions. Cone calorimeter, thermogravimetric analysis and FTIR (Fourrier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) were used to analyse fire performance (flashover...
Flame retarded phenolic foam core panel showed lowest toxic smoke emissions, did not reach danger limit for warehouse fire. Recent major fires have occurred in warehouses and logistics centres in South Korea (e.g. Icheon 38 deaths, Yongin 5 deaths, both 2020) and...
Fires in PV are estimated to occur at c. 3 fires per year per 100 MW capacity installed, with connectors a significant cause. Other fire causes are the PV module itself, DC isolator switches and fuses, cables and inverters. Because PVs generate continuous current,...
Oyster shell powder reacted with ammonium polyphosphate reduced heat and smoke release of epoxy resin 70 – 80 %. Oyster shell powder (300 mesh) was ball milled with NaClO (0.3% w/w to oyster shell) for several hours, then added to APP (ammonium polyphosphate 2500...
Plywood with phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardants showed very low toxic fire gases and achieved IMO fire performance. The plywood was vacuum impregnated with water soluble PIN FR consisting mainly of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) (pinfa comment: probably short-chain to...
