Biobased itaconic anhydride (ITA), combined with DOPO, generated a polymeric P FR showed to be effective in epoxy. ITA is a dicarboxylic acid, derived from citric acid, which can be produced from renewable sources. It was here combined with DOPO* to generate a...
Two phosphorus compounds (DOPO, BICP) combine to cure epoxy, resulting in fire resistance and reduced smoke. DOPO (9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide) and BICP (cyclotriphosphazene-modified benzimidazole) together showed to act as a curing agent for...
Wheat starch modified with P and N showed to be an effective FR for wood fibres and industrially processable. Wood fibres are widely used in heat and sound insulation materials, and are recyclable, compostable and non-toxic, but are flammable. Industrial wheat starch...
Fifteen brominated, chlorinated or phosphate ester flame retardants were tested using a battery of 22 different in vitro neurodevelopmental endpoint tests. Only one FR (TCIPP) showed no effect in all tests. The others showed effects in one or several tests, at...
Degradation of the phosphate ester FR triphenyl phosphate (generally abbreviated as TPP, here as TPHP) were studied in experiments with green microalgae, invertebrates and fish, at exposure 100 µg/l (below the NOEC). 29 biotransformation products were identified, in...
