Review summarises 150 studies of different phosphorus-based flame retardants in lithium-ion battery electrolytes: testing safety and electrical performance. Batteries use liquid organic electrolytes to enable ion transport between electrodes, and so electrical...
Tests of the PIN flame retardant AlPi conclude that it is not tested for human skin irritation and sensitisation using human keratinocyte cells, chemical modelling and biomarker analysis. AlPi at 30 – 120 mg/l did not significantly increase cell reactive oxygen (ROS,...
Various experimental phosphorus PIN FRs were tested in UPR, looking at solid and gas phase action and P oxidation state. In Chu, 2022, three polymeric glycerol-DOPO-based phosphorus compounds were tested in UPR (unsaturated polyester resin), with one achieving, with...
PIN FRs zirconium phosphate and ATH improved mechanical and fire performance of post-consumer recycled rHDPE. The recycled high-density polyethylene (rHDPE) was supplied from a Brazil recycler. Layered zirconium phosphate (ZrP) was synthesised in the laboratory and...
Functionalised polysiloxane 2% loading in polycarbonate (PC) achieved UL 94 V-0 (3.2 mm), PHRR -64% and total smoke -18%. Siloxane (4Si-4O-8H ring) was reacted with a silane (3-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane) and different benzaldehydes to give a silicon-nitrogen...
