by Hannane Haddouch | May 26, 2025
Review of rail seat fire tests shows varying results with different test methods, materials and with material ageing. The use of paper as flame source in older test methods (UIC 564-2, DIN 5510-2) give less reliable results than today’s railway standard EN 16989 which...
by Hannane Haddouch | May 26, 2025
Both phenyl and phenoxy phosphorus PIN FRs showed improved effectiveness on cotton with more OH terminations. The PIN FRs tested were TPP and TPPOX (phenyl and phenoxy, both with zero acidic hydroxyl OH termination), DPPA and DPPOH (similarly, one OH), BPA and PPA...
by Hannane Haddouch | May 26, 2025
Review summarises 150 studies of different phosphorus-based flame retardants in lithium-ion battery electrolytes: testing safety and electrical performance. Batteries use liquid organic electrolytes to enable ion transport between electrodes, and so electrical...
by Hannane Haddouch | May 26, 2025
Tests of the PIN flame retardant AlPi conclude that it is not tested for human skin irritation and sensitisation using human keratinocyte cells, chemical modelling and biomarker analysis. AlPi at 30 – 120 mg/l did not significantly increase cell reactive oxygen (ROS,...
by Hannane Haddouch | Apr 18, 2025
Various experimental phosphorus PIN FRs were tested in UPR, looking at solid and gas phase action and P oxidation state. In Chu, 2022, three polymeric glycerol-DOPO-based phosphorus compounds were tested in UPR (unsaturated polyester resin), with one achieving, with...
